This data physicalization maps multiple sets of data representing gender and racial demographics and experiences onto a handmade camera strap. It is a multicolored fabric strap intended for attachment to a digital or film camera in two places for securing on the shoulder or around the neck. Each division of color, in both background and in embroidery, represent respective identities represented in sports media further detailed below.
The following sections on this site outline my making process, considerations I took into account on political/ethical/embodied levels, and position the artifact in broader conversations and highlight relevancy. Towards the end of the scroll, a video of practice is featured, along with a personal note of positionality. All informing sources are referenced at the end.
The Making Process
The early stages of this making process are touched by various people who have impacted my personal journey in sports journalism. I began this project with motivation to incorporate a process of making that runs in my maternal family, but that I have very limited skillsets in: sewing and needlework. It is partially from this maternal family line that I inherit my motivation to create. I inherit both my problem solving dedication and my photographer's eye from my dad. The mentor artifact I looked to for logistical inspiration (such as dimensions, camera attachment apparatuses) is pictured bottom left in the photo grid above. This was gifted to me from Seyoung, who also was single-most important support in my joining a photo desk where I learned of my love of sports photography, sports journalism, and equity + sport.
Following several rounds of drawing to get a visual and mental grasp on my initial ideas, I began gathering materials to recycle in the construction of my artifact from the lab and from my mom's scrap collection. From the multicolored denim squares, I was able to sew the foundation/background of the strap. I adapted my designs several times to sort out the embroidery pattern that was both representative of the data and within my early-learning-phase skillset. Several rounds of puzzle-piece matching occurred to settle on exactly what aspects of various data sets were to be represented in conversation on the camera strap.
Perhaps the most unclear and frustrating aspect to create on the camera strap were the brown bookend caps and the braided loops for attachment to the camera itself. Initially, I intended to 3D print buckles to run a strap through, which would further be sewn into the brown end pieces. Out of fear of damage to my camera and in pursuit of a stronger, reinforced connection point, I pivoted to creating a braided and looped end of the strap that runs through a ring to pass through the camera's hooks.
Political, Ethical, & Embodied Considerations
Political/Ethical: The main consideration taken into account was the selection of colors to use in this project (i.e. embroidery thread tones associated with certain data aspects, colors of denim used). While initially I sought to use neutral tones for the entire project, I pivoted to avoid reduction of lived experience to colors that could be associated haphazardly with visible identity factors, and to further reproduce stereotypes. Instead, I drew on an assortment of vibrant colors and actively sought to tie colors to data that I myself did not associate with gendered or racialized factors.
"Whatever you do, don't wear jeans." Before covering my first high profile sporting event (read: men's sporting event), my editor at the time said these six words to me, and they are words I repeated to mentees when I was an editor. The use of denim as the foundation of this camera strap is personally political. I was taught to exist being held to higher standards, especially in physical appearance with respect to clothing and beauty. There was no "uniform" or standard at the time in the spaces I was navigating on self presentation for me, as I was usually one of one/two women on the court/field/pitch alongside middle aged men who were allowed to be casual because their presence was expected and non-disruptive (read: they wore jeans). This quickly snowballed into fixation on performative professionalism, negotiation of hyper-gendered standards, being physically uncomfortable in dress pants, etc.
Embodied: While making this physicalization, I thought quite a lot about what it would be like to use this while covering a game or working a sporting event. The embodied experience of this strap holds weight: it is pulled down and toggled around by the body of the camera, the lens, the job itself and practice of photography. It is also supportive: providing supportive relief from the wrist and hand holding the camera while in active creation mode, it can be maneuvered around the wrist, around my left shoulder, around my right when aches progress or when space requires. This data is carried on the wear-er's shoulder, while simultaneously remaining physically close and capable of flexible support.
Reading the Object
The background: The body of the camera strap (sectioned bookended by the brown endcaps) measures 24 inches. Of this length, 3.6 inches are in white denim, and the remaining is blue denim. This represents the 15% of English Premier League Clubs that have photographers who are women at the club or senior level.
Embroidered shapes: 19% or 1.33 of the embroidered pattern features yellow squares to demonstrate the amount of women working on AP Sports Editorial Staff Desks in 2022. The remaining orange squares, 81% or 5.67 represent the amount of men on these same desks. Of the seven embroidered "X" patterns in the squares, 1.645 X's or 23.5% of these desks are people of color, the remaining green, or 5.67 X's or 76.5% of these desks are racially white.
Embroidered shading: The embroidered shading patterns provide insight into frequencies of unsafe working environments for women in sports media careers. 53% of women (3.7 red shaded triangles) felt sexual discrimination in their workplace. 64% of women (4.48 dark pink shaded triangles) felt sexual discrimination while on the job. 48% of women (3.36 light green shaded triangles) have been verbally abused while performing job duties. 34% of women (2.38 light pink shaded triangles) have been verbally abused in their workplace.
In Conversation
At the heart of this, this field/these datasets/this work/this object, is narrative construction, something journalism and librarianship have in common. It prompts interrogation of workforces and voice in authorship. In both fields, it is imperative to hold the collective to standards that prioritize expansive identities and voice.
There are parallels in the pathways, or lack there of, of access/perception of status/definitions of success/inclusivity in the worlds of photography, sports media, and makerspaces. Dora Medrano Ramos illustrates: "Only by broadening our aperture of what learning can look like, can we then use maker education as a tool for liberation." In similar ways, movement should be taken to broaden the aperture of what journalism can and should look like, on both sides of the camera/pen, of what/whose stories should be valued, and the methods of creation that are respected.
The Lens I Bring Forward to Inform This Project
This project and topic has significant personal relevance: I was/am a sports photographer. The inclusion of both tenses, "was/am," parallels the data represented in my artifact. The following two statements are true: (1) I absolutely love making sports photographs. It is magic. (2) I absolutely hate(d) working in some spaces where I felt unsafe, where I was the only woman, where I was sexually harassed, where I do mental gymnastics. I am thankful the field has changed so much even in the last five to ten years...and there's always an and ___.
Photo of Sarah by Daniel Kobin.
Four stars tattoo for the 2019 U.S. Women's National Soccer Team, they made me feel powerful and expansive.
Sarah Costello Dwyer created this website and data physicalization. It was made in Fall 2023 as part of INLS 690: Information Professionals in the Makerspace with Dr. Melo at UNC-Chapel Hill. Special thank you to my mom for teaching me many things, and for this project: listening patience and re-teaching me how to use a sewing machine.
Sources
Aykroyd, Lucas. (2019). “Imaging the female athlete.” Global Sport Matters. https://globalsportmatters.com/culture/2019/10/25/imaging-the-female-athlete/
Boczek, Karin; Dogruel, Leyla; and Schallhorn, Christiana. (2022). “Gender byline bias in sports reporting: Examining the visibility and audience perception of male and female journalists in sports coverage.” SAGE Journals, Volume 24, Issue 7. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849211063312
Hardin, Marie & Shain, Stacie. (2005). “Strength in Numbers? The Experiences and Attitudes of Women in Sports Media Careers.” J&MC Quarterly. Vol. 82, No. 4. 804-819. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epdf/10.1177/107769900508200404
Lapchick, Richard. (2021). “The 2021 Sports Media Racial and Gender Report Card: Associated Press Sports Editors (APSE).” University of Central Florida: The Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport. https://43530132-36e9-4f52-811a-182c7a91933b.filesusr.com/ugd/8af738_b1530694d56142cc8a684649497f4746.pdf
Lapchick, Richard. (2021). “Sports media remains overwhelmingly white and male, study finds.” ESPN. https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/32254145/sports-media-remains-overwhelmingly-white-male-study-finds
Miller, Jenesse. (2014). “News media still pressing the mute button on women’s sports.” University of Southern California: USC Today. https://news.usc.edu/womens-sports-tv-news-coverage-sportscenter-online-usc-study/
Schmidt, Hans C.. (2013). “Women, Sports, and Journalism: Examining the Limited Role of Women in Student Newspaper Sports Reporting.” SAGE Journals: Communication & Sport Vol. 1(3) 246-268. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/2167479513485734
Schoch, Lucie. (2020). “The Gender of Sports News: Horizontal Segregation and Marginalization of Female Journalists in the Swiss Press.” SAGE Journals: Communication & Sport Vol. 10(4) 746-766. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/2167479520951162
Whitehead, James. (2022). "The visibility of women in sports photography." Sporting Her. https://sportingher.com/the-visibility-of-women-in-sports-photography/
Young, Shalise Manza. (2022). “Fighting for a Voice: Why Black Reporters Covering Black Athletes Makes for Better Journalism.” Global Sport Matters. https://globalsportmatters.com/business/2022/07/22/black-media-covering-black-athletes-better-journalism/